{"id":12563,"date":"2020-07-15T17:33:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-15T14:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/?p=12563"},"modified":"2020-07-22T19:17:57","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T16:17:57","slug":"tot-ce-trebuie-sa-stii-despre-fungicide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/blog\/casa-si-gradina\/tot-ce-trebuie-sa-stii-despre-fungicide\/","title":{"rendered":"Tot ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii despre fungicide"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Fungicidele sunt esen\u021biale pentru orice agricultor, \u00een vederea \u00eentre\u021binerii unor culturi de calitate. Utilizarea de fungicide are ca scop inhibarea apari\u021biei, precum \u0219i dezvoltarea \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea ciupercilor \u00een r\u00e2ndul plantelor. Majoritatea fungicidelor se reg\u0103sesc \u00een comer\u021b sub form\u0103 lichid\u0103. \u00cen continuare, \u00ee\u021bi vom spune tot ceea ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii despre fungicide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce sunt fungicidele \u0219i ce boli trateaz\u0103?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Fungicidele, al\u0103turi de erbicide \u0219i insecticide, fac parte din clasa de pesticide \u0219i sunt utilizate de c\u0103tre agricultori pentru a proteja plantele. Fungicidul este un tip specific de pesticide, care controleaz\u0103 apari\u021bia bolilor fungice, prin inhibarea anumitor tipuri de ciuperci \u0219i stoparea r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii acestora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fungicidele nu pot controla \u00een mod adecvat toate bolile cauzate de ciuperci. De exemplu, bolile vasculare cauzate de ciupercile din genul Fusarium \u0219i Verticillium, cele cauzate de alte tipuri de organisme sau declan\u0219ate de factori abiotici sau de c\u0103tre insecte nu pot fi oprite prin utilizarea de fungicide. Tocmai din acest motiv, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 se determine cauzele simptomelor pe care le observi la plante, \u00eenainte de a utiliza fungicide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exist\u0103 patru motive pentru care fiecare agricultor sau gr\u0103dinar ar trebui s\u0103 utilizeze fungicide. Acestea sunt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Controlul activit\u0103\u021bii fungilor asupra culturilor de plante \u0219i stoparea dezvolt\u0103rii \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirii acestora.<\/li>
  2. Cre\u0219terea nivelului de productivitate al culturilor agricole \u0219i reducerea petelor ce apar pe produsul final al fiec\u0103rei culturi, v\u0103t\u0103m\u0103ri care pot afecta partea comestibil\u0103 a recoltei \u0219i gradul de atractivitate, ceea ce influen\u021beaz\u0103 v\u00e2nz\u0103rile.<\/li>
  3. \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea duratei de conservare a produselor agricole \u0219i a calit\u0103\u021bii plantelor recoltate. Prezen\u021ba ciupercilor face inutilizabile fructele, legumele \u0219i semin\u021bele.<\/li>
  4. Evitarea contamin\u0103rii. Prezen\u021ba fungilor are efecte negative \u0219i asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii consumatorilor, fie ei oameni sau animale.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u00cen cazul majorit\u0103\u021bii fungicidelor, se recomand\u0103 ca acestea s\u0103 fie aplicate pe culturile agricole \u00eenainte s\u0103 apar\u0103 semnele specifice bolilor fungice sau de la apari\u021bia primelor semne. Aplicarea de fungicide nu vindec\u0103 simptomele deja ap\u0103rute, chiar dac\u0103 este eliminat agentul patogen. Din acest motiv, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 se utilizeze fungicide pentru a asigura protec\u021bia necesar\u0103 pentru a ob\u021bine culturi agricole productive, neafectate de boli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tipuri de fungicide<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 tipuri principale de fungicide: fungicide sistemice \u0219i fungicide de contact. \u00cen continuare, \u00ee\u021bi ar\u0103t\u0103m care sunt caracteristicile fiec\u0103rui tip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Fungicide de contact<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Fungicidele de contact au rolul de a proteja planta \u00eempotriva ciupercilor, \u00eempiedic\u00e2ndu-le apari\u021bia \u0219i dezvoltarea. Aceste fungicide asigur\u0103 protec\u021bie plantei c\u00e2t timp substan\u021ba acoper\u0103 planta. \u00cen general, acestea ap\u0103r\u0103 planta \u00eentre 7 \u0219i 14 zile, \u00een func\u021bie de tipul de produs \u0219i de condi\u021biile climaterice. De exemplu, ploaia poate limita foarte mult eficacitatea fungicidelor de contact. Odat\u0103 ce boala s-a instalat, aplicarea fungicidelor de contact nu are nicio eficien\u021b\u0103. Protec\u021bia oferit\u0103 poate fi extins\u0103 sau poate fi doar pentru anumite tipuri de spori, \u00een func\u021bie de tipul produsului. \u00cen cazul fungicidelor de contact, substan\u021ba nu p\u0103trunde \u00een interiorul plantei, ci ofer\u0103 protec\u021bie doar la exterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Fungicide sistemice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Fungicidele sistemice ofer\u0103 protec\u021bie \u00eempotriva apari\u021biei \u0219i instal\u0103rii sporilor de ciuperci sau fungi. Spre deosebire de fungicidele de contact, cele sistemice nu limiteaz\u0103 substan\u021ba doar la suprafa\u021ba plantei, ci aceasta p\u0103trunde \u00een interiorul structurii plantei, oferind protec\u021bie din interior \u0219i pe termen lung. Eficacitatea fungicidelor sistemice nu este afectat\u0103 sau limitat\u0103 de frecven\u021ba ploilor, singura condi\u021bie fiind ca ploaia s\u0103 nu aib\u0103 loc imediat dup\u0103 aplicarea fungicidului sistemic. Utilizarea acestui tip de fungicide este eficient\u0103 \u0219i dup\u0103 instalarea ciupercii, \u00een cazul \u00een care ciuperca este \u00een faz\u0103 incipient\u0103. Din cauza modului de ac\u021biune, se recomand\u0103 ca fungicidele sistemice s\u0103 nu se aplice de mai mult de 2-3 ori \u00een fiecare sezon, pentru a nu \u00eent\u0103ri rezisten\u021ba plantei la acest tip de tratament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cele mai bune fungicide<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

    Pentru a avea efectul a\u0219teptat, fungicidul trebuie utilizat conform recomand\u0103rile \u0219i pentru a trata tipul de probleme pentru care este destinat. Totu\u0219i, exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva produse care se diferen\u021biaz\u0103 de celelalte. Recomand\u0103rile Plantmaster cu privire la cele mai bune fungicide sunt prezentate \u00een continuare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"fungicid<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Unul dintre cele mai bune fungicide existente este Acrobat MZ 69 WG<\/a><\/strong>, un fungicid cu mod dublu de ac\u021biune, at\u00e2t sistemic, c\u00e2t \u0219i de contact. Este eficient pentru a combate mana cepei, a cartofului, castrave\u021bilor \u0219i ro\u0219iilor. Substan\u021bele active din acest produs sunt renumite deoarece \u00eentrerup formarea pere\u021bilor celulari ai ciupercii, fungicidul fiind activ \u00een toate stadiile ciclului evolutiv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ofer\u0103 o preven\u021bie \u0219i activitate curativ\u0103 \u0219i antisporulant\u0103 eficient\u0103, asigur\u00e2nd protec\u021bie \u00eendelungat\u0103 culturii. Principala substan\u021b\u0103 din compozi\u021bia acestui produs este dimetomorf, care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een ciclul de dezvoltare al manei \u00een fiecare etap\u0103 a dezvolt\u0103rii peretelui celular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"Fungicid<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Un alt fungicid foarte bun este Bravo 500 SC<\/a><\/strong>, un fungicid de contact, cu spectru larg de combatere a bolilor. Este compus dintr-o formul\u0103 special\u0103, care are la baz\u0103 o tehnologie unic\u0103. Acest fungicid se aplic\u0103 la debutul perioadei de risc de declan\u0219are a procesului de \u00eemboln\u0103vire, pentru a preveni infestarea cu agen\u021bi patogeni \u0219i a stopa dezvoltarea acestora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Fungicidul Bravo 500 SC prezint\u0103 risc sc\u0103zut de apari\u021bie a rezisten\u021bei bolilor. Este un fungicid de contact, cu ac\u021biune multipl\u0103, preventiv\u0103, care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la suprafa\u021ba plantei prin inhibarea germina\u021biei sporilor ciupercii. Solu\u021bia con\u021bine diver\u0219i adjuvan\u021bi \u0219i surfactan\u021bi \u00eencorpora\u021bi, care asigur\u0103 o distribu\u021bie uniform\u0103 pe plante \u0219i o aderen\u021b\u0103 foarte bun\u0103, chiar \u0219i \u00een condi\u021bii de precipita\u021bii u\u0219oare. Se aplic\u0103 preventiv, \u00eenainte de apari\u021bia bolii, iar intervalul dintre tratamente este de 7-12 zile \u0219i poate fi adaptat \u00een func\u021bie de cultur\u0103 \u0219i de condi\u021biile climatice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cum \u0219i c\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 folose\u0219ti fungicide?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 folose\u0219ti fungicide? R\u0103spunsul este simplu: atunci c\u00e2nd cultura ta este amenin\u021bat\u0103 de ciuperci. Ciupercile sunt agen\u021bi patogeni foarte comuni \u00een natur\u0103, \u00eens\u0103  efectele lor pot fi devastatoare asupra plantelor, legumelor \u0219i fructelor. Fungicidele se utilizeaz\u0103 at\u00e2t pentru prevenire, c\u00e2t \u0219i pentru combatere. Ele inhib\u0103 dezvoltarea \u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea ciupercii \u0219i protejeaz\u0103 cultura. Astfel, previn bolile plantelor \u0219i asigur\u0103 ob\u021binerea recoltei a\u0219teptate, precum \u0219i calitatea culturii. \u00cen plus, aplicarea de fungicide ajut\u0103 la sporirea puterii de conservare a culturii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Numeroase fungicide pot fi aplicate pe \u00eentreaga perioad\u0103 de vegeta\u021bie, prin stropiri sau la apari\u021bia sau depistarea ac\u021biunii patogenilor. \u00cen anumite cazuri, se recomand\u0103 utilizarea fungicidelor \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu faza de plantare, pentru a evita apari\u021bia \u0219i dezvoltarea patogenilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te modul de aplicare a fungicidelor, acest lucru depinde de tipul de fungicid ales. Fungicidele sistemice ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin absorb\u021bie, iar fungicidele de contact ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 la suprafa\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Majoritatea fungicidelor se aplic\u0103 sub form\u0103 lichid\u0103, prin amestec cu apa, \u00eens\u0103 exist\u0103 \u0219i fungicide care se aplic\u0103 sub form\u0103 de gaz, praf sau granule. Produsul ales, precum \u0219i metoda de aplicare, este determinat de tipul de cultur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Pentru eradicarea total\u0103 sau prevenirea ciupercilor, este esen\u021bial ca fungicidele s\u0103 fie aplicate corect pe toat\u0103 suprafa\u021ba plantei. \u00cen majoritatea cazurilor, sunt necesare multiple aplic\u0103ri pentru a ob\u021bine rezultatul scontat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Este important de re\u021binut faptul c\u0103 fungicidele nu pot combate chiar toate bolile cauzate de ciuperci. De exemplu, bolile vasculare nu pot fi tratate cu ajutorul fungicidelor. \u00cen plus, ele nu protejeaz\u0103 \u00eempotriva bolilor cauzate de alte organisme sau factori de mediu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    A\u0219adar, pentru a alege tratamentul cel mai potrivit pentru culturile tale, este necesar s\u0103 descoperi ce tip de factor st\u0103 la baza problemei. Pentru asta, este important s\u0103 \u021bii cont de simptomele bolii \u0219i de modul \u00een care aceasta afecteaz\u0103 cultura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00cencheiere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Fungicidele sunt esen\u021biale pentru orice agricultor, pentru a men\u021bine culturi s\u0103n\u0103toase. Exist\u0103 fungicide de contact \u0219i sistemice, iar pentru alegerea celui mai bun fungicid pentru culturile tale, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 \u021bii cont de modul de aplicare \u0219i ac\u021biune al fungicidelor, de simptomele care apar \u0219i de bolile de care sufer\u0103 plantele tale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sursa foto: Pixabay<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Fungicidele sunt esen\u021biale pentru orice agricultor, \u00een vederea \u00eentre\u021binerii unor culturi de calitate. Utilizarea de fungicide are ca scop inhibarea […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":12565,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1658,1654],"tags":[1630,1767,1768],"class_list":["post-12563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agricultura","category-casa-si-gradina","tag-agricultura","tag-fungicide","tag-pesticide"],"yoast_head":"\nTot ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii despre fungicide - 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