{"id":12651,"date":"2020-07-26T16:18:58","date_gmt":"2020-07-26T13:18:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/?p=12651"},"modified":"2020-07-26T16:19:01","modified_gmt":"2020-07-26T13:19:01","slug":"cate-tipuri-de-ingrasaminte-exista-si-cand-trebuie-sa-le-folosesti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/blog\/agricultura\/cate-tipuri-de-ingrasaminte-exista-si-cand-trebuie-sa-le-folosesti\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e2te tipuri de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte exist\u0103 \u0219i c\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103 le folose\u0219ti?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii despre \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Un bun agricultor cunoa\u0219te importan\u021ba \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntului pentru plante. Pentru a maximiza cre\u0219terea \u0219i recolta culturilor tale, este necesar s\u0103 \u0219tii ce \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte s\u0103 utilizezi. Din acest motiv, \u00ee\u021bi vom oferi un ghid despre diversele tipuri de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte<\/a><\/strong> care exist\u0103, precum \u0219i c\u00e2nd trebuie aplicate fiecare dintre acestea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele sunt substan\u021be chimice care se aplic\u0103 plantelor pentru a le cre\u0219te productivitatea. Sunt utilizate de c\u0103tre fermieri \u00een mod curent, pentru a le cre\u0219te produc\u021bia. \u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele con\u021bin nutrien\u021bi esen\u021biali pentru plante, inclusiv azot, potasiu \u0219i fosfor. Aplicarea de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte ajut\u0103 la cre\u0219terea capacit\u0103\u021bii de reten\u021bie a apei \u00een sol \u0219i cre\u0219te fertilitatea plantelor. \u00cen plus, \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele reprezint\u0103 un tratament esen\u021bial pentru a avea plante viguroase \u00een terenurile slabe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2teva reguli privind aplicarea de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a maximiza efectele \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor, este necesar s\u0103 \u0219tii c\u00e2nd s\u0103 le utilizezi. Aplicarea \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u00een sezonul necorespunz\u0103tor poate cauza cre\u0219terea plantei noi \u00eenainte de timp, plant\u0103 care va fi distrus\u0103 de vremea rece. Exist\u0103 diverse tipuri de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte, iar alegerea unui anumit tip de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt depinde de tine. Totu\u0219i, indiferent de tipul de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt ales, este important s\u0103 \u021bii cont de perioada \u00een care \u00eel aplici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una dintre principalele reguli de aplicare anual\u0103 a \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntului este s\u0103 \u00eel aplici \u00een fiecare prim\u0103var\u0103 timpurie. Aplicarea de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 \u00eencurajeaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea frunzelor \u0219i producerea de flori, urmat\u0103 de cea de fructe. Totu\u0219i, \u00een unele regiuni, prim\u0103vara timpurie poate aduce surprize precum \u00eenghe\u021b t\u00e2rziu sau chiar ninsoare, ceea ce ar afecta noile plante crescute for\u021bat \u00een urma aplic\u0103rii de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt. De aceea, \u00een astfel de regiuni, este recomandat s\u0103 a\u0219tep\u021bi p\u00e2n\u0103 la ultima dat\u0103 de \u00eenghe\u021b pentru a preveni afectarea plantelor crescute timpuriu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele au cea mai mare eficien\u021b\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd sunt utilizate pe plante \u00een ciclul lor de cre\u0219tere maxim\u0103. Este recomandat s\u0103 evi\u021bi aplicarea de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt \u00een timpul iernii, deoarece plantele nu cresc activ \u00een acest sezon. O alt\u0103 regul\u0103 spune s\u0103 evi\u021bi aplicarea \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntului pe plantele noi, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd acestea se stabilizeaz\u0103. \u00cen caz contrar, \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntul poate determina o cre\u0219tere brusc\u0103, ceea ce ar face planta s\u0103 fie slab\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tipuri de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te fiecare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele sunt disponibile \u00een diverse forme. Ele se reg\u0103sesc sub form\u0103 lichid\u0103, pudr\u0103 sau granulare. \u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele lichide se dilueaz\u0103 adeseori cu apa. \u00cempr\u0103\u0219tierea acestora este similar\u0103 cu irigarea gr\u0103dinii \u0219i adeseori se realizeaz\u0103 cu ajutorul unui ata\u0219ament la furtun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele sub form\u0103 de pudr\u0103 au, de asemenea, nevoie de ap\u0103 pentru a fi productive. \u00cen general, acestea se aplic\u0103 manual \u0219i sunt udate pentru a fi complet absorbite \u00een sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele granulare pentru gazon pot fi u\u0219or \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiate pe sol. Acestea sunt absorbite \u00een gr\u0103din\u0103 \u00een timp, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce uzi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar haide s\u0103 vedem ce tipuri de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt exist\u0103 \u0219i cum se utilizeaz\u0103 acestea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte anorganice (chimice)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele anorganice sunt \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte chimice care con\u021bin elemente nutritive pentru cre\u0219terea plantelor, ob\u021binute prin mijloace chimice. \u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele anorganice sunt alegerea perfect\u0103 dac\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi dore\u0219ti o cre\u0219tere rapid\u0103 a plantelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele chimice au rezultate imediate. \u00cen cazul acestei categorii de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte, se cunoa\u0219te raportul de nitrogen, fosfor \u0219i potasiu pentru fiecare tip de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt. Astfel, ai certitudinea c\u0103 plantele tale beneficiaz\u0103 de cantitatea optim\u0103 de elemente nutritive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen cadrul acestei categorii de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte, exist\u0103 urm\u0103toarele tipuri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte cu azot<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele cu azot con\u021bin necesarul de azot pentru dezvoltarea plantelor. Azotul este esen\u021bial pentru cre\u0219terea plantelor, fiind unul dintre principalele constituente ale proteinelor. Este esen\u021bial pentru produc\u021bia de biomas\u0103 \u0219i produc\u021bia de fructe. Azotul maximizeaz\u0103 asimilarea fotosintetic\u0103 \u0219i duce la randamente ridicate. \u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele cu azot \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021besc produc\u021bia \u0219i calitatea produselor agricole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele cu azot sunt utile \u00een special \u00een fazele de mijloc ale vie\u021bii unei plante, atunci c\u00e2nd aceasta are nevoie de ajutor pentru a continua s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 aduc\u0103 frunze noi. \u0218i \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele chimice, dar \u0219i cele organice, au azot \u00een compozi\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caren\u021ba de azot se eviden\u021biaz\u0103 prin cre\u0219teri slabe, frunze clorotice (\u00eeng\u0103lbenite), mai ales cele b\u0103tr\u00e2ne (de la baza plantei), care vor c\u0103dea datorit\u0103 transloc\u0103rii azotului \u00een organele tinere ale plantei. A\u0219adar, dac\u0103 observi aceste simptome la plantele tale, este momentul s\u0103 utilizezi \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte cu azot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Totu\u0219i, nici excesul de azot nu este recomandat. Atunci c\u00e2nd este \u00een exces, azotul stimuleaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea vegetativ\u0103 \u00een detrimentul fructific\u0103rii \u0219i a calit\u0103\u021bii fructelor, prelunge\u0219te perioada de vegeta\u021bie, \u00eent\u00e2rzie fructificarea \u0219i maturarea fructelor \u0219i reduce rezisten\u021ba la boli \u0219i la p\u0103strare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte cu fosfor<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00centr-un \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt cu fosfor, principalul nutrient este fosforul. Eficien\u021ba acestui \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt depinde de eficien\u021ba con\u021binutului de fosfor din compozi\u021bia sa, de metoda de fertilizare, precum \u0219i de propriet\u0103\u021bile solului \u0219i ale plantelor. Fosforul g\u0103sit \u00een protoplasma celulei joac\u0103 un rol important \u00een cre\u0219terea \u0219i proliferarea celulelor. \u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntul cu fosfor este benefic pentru cre\u0219terea r\u0103d\u0103cinilor plantelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fosforul este un nutrient de care planta are nevoie \u00een permanen\u021b\u0103. Pe \u00eentreg ciclul de via\u021b\u0103, plantele au nevoie de fosfor pentru a le \u00eent\u0103ri sistemul de r\u0103d\u0103cini \u0219i tulpinile. \u00cen plus, fosforul poate \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi \u00eenflorirea, \u00eens\u0103m\u00e2n\u021barea \u0219i apari\u021bia fructelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Caren\u021ba de fosfor apare mai rar \u0219i se manifest\u0103 prin cre\u0219teri slabe ale plantelor. Influen\u021beaz\u0103 negativ fructificarea, determin\u00e2nd \u00eent\u00e2rzierea coacerii. Din cauza caren\u021bei de fosfor, plantele au o rezisten\u021b\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 la atacul bolilor \u0219i d\u0103un\u0103torilor. \u00cen cazul \u00een care observi c\u0103 plantele au caren\u021b\u0103 de fosfor, este recomandat s\u0103 utilizezi un \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt cu fosfor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte cu potasiu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Potasiul ajut\u0103 plantele s\u0103 aib\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cini mai ad\u00e2nci \u0219i mai puternice. De asemenea, ajut\u0103 la protejarea plantelor de daune atunci c\u00e2nd sunt lipsite de al\u021bi nutrien\u021bi. Potasiul este un nutrient vital pentru fotosintez\u0103 \u0219i are capacitatea de a \u00eencetini orice boli care atac\u0103 plantele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modul \u0219i perioada de aplicare a \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntului cu potasiu depinde de plantele pe care vrei s\u0103 le fertilizezi. Atunci c\u00e2nd \u00eel folose\u0219ti, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 fie aplicat c\u00e2t mai aproape de r\u0103d\u0103cinile plantelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atunci c\u00e2nd plantele au o deficien\u021b\u0103 de potasiu, vei observa c\u0103 marginile frunzelor devin galbene sau maro. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, dac\u0103 deficien\u021ba continu\u0103, frunzele vor muri. Insuficien\u021ba potasiului determin\u0103 deregl\u0103ri fiziologice, dezvoltare insuficient\u0103 a \u021besuturilor mecanice, sc\u0103derea calit\u0103\u021bii fructelor \u0219i sc\u0103derea rezisten\u021bei la ger \u0219i secet\u0103. \u00cen plus, plantele au aspect de ve\u0219tejit. \u00cen acest caz, este timpul s\u0103 folose\u0219ti un \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt cu potasiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Totu\u0219i, nici excesul de potasiu nu este recomandat. \u00cen cazul excesului, unele specii, precum cartoful sau sfecla, cresc normal, dar dau produse de calitate inferioar\u0103, caracterizate printr-un procent redus de glucide \u00een r\u0103d\u0103cinile de sfecl\u0103 sau exces de suber \u00een tuberculi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte organice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele organice sunt \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte naturale ob\u021binute de la plante sau animale. Ele \u00eembog\u0103\u021besc solul prin compu\u0219i carbonici esen\u021biali pentru cre\u0219terea plantelor. Acestea cresc con\u021binutul de materie organic\u0103 al solului, promoveaz\u0103 reproducerea microorganismelor \u0219i modific\u0103 propriet\u0103\u021bile fizice \u0219i chimice ale solului. \u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele organice sunt considerate a fi printre principalii nutrien\u021bi pentru alimentele verzi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntul natural se descompune mai lent \u00een sol, \u00eens\u0103, pe termen lung, ajut\u0103 la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea calit\u0103\u021bii solului. Ca \u0219i costuri, \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele organice sunt mai costisitoare dec\u00e2t cele chimice. \u00cen plus, deoarece nu se poate stabili raportul de azot, fosfor \u0219i potasiu din compozi\u021bia \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntului natural, acesta nu \u00ee\u021bi asigur\u0103 certitudinea c\u0103 le oferi plantelor tale cantitatea necesar\u0103 de substan\u021be nutritive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele organice pot fi ob\u021binute din urm\u0103toarele produse:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • de\u0219euri agricole<\/li>
  • gunoi de grajd<\/li>
  • de\u0219euri industriale<\/li>
  • de\u0219eu municipal<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntul organic este o surs\u0103 excelent\u0103 de nutrien\u021bi, cu toate c\u0103 nu se poate m\u0103sura cantitatea specific\u0103 a diver\u0219ilor nutrien\u021bi din compozi\u021bia sa. \u00cen general, \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele organice ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eencet \u0219i pe termen lung. Po\u021bi utiliza \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt natural pentru construirea solului de-a lungul timpului. Unul dintre principalele avantaje ale \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntului organic este faptul c\u0103 pot fi ob\u021binute acas\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Concluzie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Exist\u0103 diverse tipuri de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte. Ele se \u00eempart \u00een dou\u0103 mari categorii: \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte anorganice (sau chimice) \u0219i \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte organice (sau naturale). Fiecare dintre cele dou\u0103 mari categorii con\u021bine diverse tipuri de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te alegerea unui tip de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt, aceasta \u021bine de preferin\u021bele proprii. Totu\u0219i, \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele chimice au avantajul de a-\u021bi oferi informa\u021bii cu privire la raportul de elemente nutritive, astfel c\u0103 po\u021bi asigura necesarul de nutrien\u021bi plantelor tale, \u00een func\u021bie de deficien\u021bele pe care le observi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sursa foto: Pixabay<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii despre \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte? Un bun agricultor cunoa\u0219te importan\u021ba \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntului pentru plante. Pentru a maximiza cre\u0219terea \u0219i recolta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":12652,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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