{"id":12788,"date":"2020-07-31T18:59:27","date_gmt":"2020-07-31T15:59:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/?p=12788"},"modified":"2020-07-31T18:59:30","modified_gmt":"2020-07-31T15:59:30","slug":"ghid-complet-pentru-alegerea-erbicidului-in-functie-de-cultura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/blog\/agricultura\/ghid-complet-pentru-alegerea-erbicidului-in-functie-de-cultura\/","title":{"rendered":"Ghid complet pentru alegerea erbicidului, \u00een func\u021bie de cultur\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ce este \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te erbicidul?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Indiferent dac\u0103 ai o gr\u0103din\u0103 de legume sau o curte mixt\u0103, cu siguran\u021b\u0103 vrei s\u0103 o \u00eentre\u021bii, s\u0103 fie c\u00e2t mai bine \u00eengrijit\u0103. Cu siguran\u021b\u0103 problema buruienilor care se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndesc necontrolat \u00ee\u021bi este familiar\u0103. Ca solu\u021bii pentru suprafe\u021be mici, plivitul, s\u0103patul \u0219i smulsul buruienilor sunt excelente, \u00eens\u0103 ele sunt doar pe termen scurt, at\u00e2t timp c\u00e2t r\u0103d\u0103cinile buruienilor nu sunt complet \u00eenl\u0103turate. Totu\u0219i, cea mai eficient\u0103 \u0219i mai productiv\u0103 metod\u0103 pentru a sc\u0103pa de buruieni este utilizarea erbicidului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erbicidul<\/a><\/strong> este un amestec chimic utilizat de decenii pentru a \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi randamentul culturilor. Prin utilizarea erbicidului, fie se st\u00e2rpesc buruienile, fie se inhib\u0103 dezvoltarea acestora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen continuare, \u00ee\u021bi vom oferi un ghid complet pentru alegerea erbicidului, \u00een func\u021bie de cultur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tipuri de erbicid \u0219i cum se aplic\u0103 fiecare?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cenainte de a \u0219ti cum s\u0103 alegi corect erbicidul, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 cuno\u0219ti care sunt tipurile de erbicid \u0219i cum se aplic\u0103 acestea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tipuri de erbicide \u00een func\u021bie de momentul aplic\u0103rii<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen func\u021bie de momentul aplic\u0103rii, erbicidele pot fi preemergente sau postemergente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erbicidele preemergente<\/a><\/strong> se aplic\u0103 pe sol \u0219i au rol preventiv. Substan\u021ba erbicidului este absorbit\u0103 de rizomii, stolonii sau r\u0103d\u0103cinile buruienilor \u00eenainte de germinare. Este recomandat ca, dup\u0103 aplicarea erbicidelor preemergente, solul s\u0103 se m\u0103run\u021beasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 se niveleze. Este necesar\u0103 \u00eencorporarea la erbicidele volatile, pentru a preveni evaporarea substan\u021bei active \u0219i riscul de poluare. Specifica\u021biile privind \u00eencorporarea difer\u0103 de la un tip de erbicid la altul. Se recomand\u0103, de asemenea, ca erbicidele preemergente s\u0103 se aplice pe solul uscat, pentru a cre\u0219te absorb\u021bia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erbicidele postemergente<\/a><\/strong> sunt denumite \u0219i erbicide de contact, deoarece se aplic\u0103 direct pe vegeta\u021bia nedorit\u0103. Rolul lor este de a distruge buruienile deja r\u0103s\u0103rite. Ele ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin inhibarea fotosintezei \u0219i distrugerea celulelor plantei. Se absorb mai bine la buruienile cu frunze mai mari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tipuri de erbicide \u00een func\u021bie de modul de ac\u021biune<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen func\u021bie de modul lor de ac\u021biune, erbicidele pot fi totale sau selective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erbicidele totale<\/a><\/strong> omoar\u0103 toate plantele, at\u00e2t cele anuale c\u00e2t \u0219i cele perene, de pe suprafa\u021ba pe care au fost aplicate aceste erbicide. Ele nu fac excep\u021bie \u00een plantele pe care le distrug. Tocmai din acest motiv, este necesar s\u0103 acorzi o aten\u021bie deosebit\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd aplici erbicide totale, pentru a evita ca acestea s\u0103 intre \u00een contact cu plantele de cultur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen general, erbicidele totale se utilizeaz\u0103 pentru alei sau trotuare, locuri necultivate. \u00cen gr\u0103dini, ele se folosesc \u00een situa\u021bii limitate, cum ar fi \u00een perioada de pauz\u0103 dintre culturi sau atunci c\u00e2nd se \u00eenfiin\u021beaz\u0103 noi straturi. De asemenea, erbicidele totale se aplic\u0103 \u0219i pe miri\u0219ti, atunci c\u00e2nd buruienile sunt \u00een cre\u0219tere. Rezultatele acestor erbicide apar \u00een 5-7 zile dup\u0103 aplicare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erbicidele selective sunt preferatele fermierilor pentru utilizarea \u00een gr\u0103dina de legume, vie sau lanurile de cereale, dar \u0219i pentru \u00eentre\u021binerea gazonului. Aceste erbicide \u021bintesc \u00een mod specific anumite specii de plante, f\u0103r\u0103 a afecta plantele de cultur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dac\u0103 ai o peluz\u0103, este necesar s\u0103 ai grij\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd aplici erbicidele, deoarece acestea pot pune \u00een pericol cre\u0219terea ierbii. \u00cen acest caz, se recomand\u0103 utilizarea unei formule combinate, de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt cu erbicid pentru gazon. Aceast\u0103 formul\u0103 are o desc\u0103rcare lent\u0103, de 100 de zile, \u0219i se repartizeaz\u0103 uniform. Ea asigur\u0103 nutri\u021bia gazonului \u0219i \u00eendep\u0103rtarea buruienilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recomand\u0103ri pentru aplicarea corect\u0103 a erbicidului<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
  • Erbicidele preemergente se aplic\u0103 la finalul iernii \u0219i la \u00eenceputul prim\u0103verii, pentru a ob\u021bine cele mai bune rezultate.<\/li>
  • Erbicidele postemergente se aplic\u0103 prim\u0103vara, atunci c\u00e2nd buruienile \u00eencep s\u0103 creasc\u0103.<\/li>
  • Trebuie verificate \u00eentotdeauna specifica\u021biile produsului utilizat, pentru a vedea lista de buruieni comb\u0103tute, momentul optim de aplicare, modul de ac\u021biune, cantitatea de ap\u0103\/ha, necesit\u0103\u021bile de \u00eencorporare, precau\u021biile necesare, precum \u0219i compatibilitatea cu alte produse.<\/li>
  • Exist\u0103 erbicide care au at\u00e2t aplicare preemergent\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i postemergent\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de cultur\u0103. Pentru unele culturi, aplicarea erbicidului se realizeaz\u0103 \u00eenainte de plantare, pentru altele, la transplantare sau la stadiul de c\u00e2teva frunze.<\/li>
  • Este necesar s\u0103 se consulte eticheta produsului pentru a afla necesitatea de irigare. Majoritatea erbicidelor solicit\u0103 o umiditate suficient\u0103 a solului dup\u0103 tratament, fie aceasta ob\u021binut\u0103 prin irigare sau prin ploi.<\/li>
  • Erbicidele sunt substan\u021be concentrate, cu un dozaj\/ha care difer\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de produs.<\/li>
  • Pentru aplicarea erbicidelor se utilizeaz\u0103 atomizoare \u0219i pompe, av\u00e2nd grij\u0103 ca solu\u021bia s\u0103 fie omogenizat\u0103 atent.<\/li>
  • Se respect\u0103 regulile de siguran\u021b\u0103: purtarea echipamentului de protec\u021bie, evitarea aplic\u0103rii de erbicide \u00een zilele cu v\u00e2nt puternic \u0219i oprirea accesului animalelor \u00een zona unde s-a aplicat erbicid.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Aplicarea erbicidului \u00een func\u021bie de cultur\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Erbicidul se aplic\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de cultur\u0103, pentru a ob\u021bine rezultatele dorite. \u00cen continuare, \u00ee\u021bi prezent\u0103m c\u00e2teva informa\u021bii despre aplicarea erbicidului \u00een func\u021bie de cultur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Aplicarea erbicidului la cultura de sfecl\u0103 de zah\u0103r<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \"Ghid<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    Plantele de sfecl\u0103 de zah\u0103r sunt destul de delicate \u00een primele faze ale dezvolt\u0103rii \u0219i prezint\u0103 o \u00eenchidere \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103 a r\u00e2ndurilor. Sfecla de zah\u0103r este extrem de sensibil\u0103 la concuren\u021ba buruienilor, mai ales \u00een stadiul de 2-6 frunze. Tocmai de aceea, dac\u0103 nu sunt luate m\u0103surile necesare pentru combaterea buruienilor, se pot \u00eenregistra pierderi semnificative \u00een cadrul culturii tinere de sfecl\u0103 de zah\u0103r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva recomand\u0103ri privind aplicarea erbicidului la cultura de sfecl\u0103 de zah\u0103r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • Se aplic\u0103 erbicide \u00een preemergen\u021b\u0103 \u0219i postemergen\u021b\u0103<\/li>
    • Se recomand\u0103 trei aplic\u0103ri \u00een postemergen\u021b\u0103, la interval de 10-12 zile<\/li>
    • Se recomand\u0103 flexibilitate \u00een aplicarea erbicidelor, \u00een func\u021bie de ciclul de vegeta\u021bie al buruienilor<\/li>
    • Se aleg ingrediente active \u00een func\u021bie de apari\u021bia buruienilor \u0219i de condi\u021biile de sol<\/li>
    • Se respect\u0103 restric\u021biile erbicidelor la culturile succesive (erbicidele utilizate la porumb \u0219i cereale pot avea efecte negative asupra sfeclei de zah\u0103r)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Aplicarea erbicidului la secar\u0103<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

      Atunci c\u00e2nd se are \u00een vedere aplicarea erbicidului la secar\u0103, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 se ia \u00een considerare indica\u021biile privind compatibilitatea. Utilizarea incorect\u0103 a erbicidului poate determina deteriorarea plantelor \u0219i sc\u0103derea productivit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Este recomandat s\u0103 se evite aplicarea tratamentelor de toamn\u0103 la date foarte t\u00e2rzii, cum ar fi luna noiembrie. Iat\u0103 care sunt factorii de preven\u021bie a daunelor cauzate de erbicide \u00een cazul culturii de secar\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • Ad\u00e2ncimea de sem\u0103nat de 2-3 cm<\/li>
      • Se \u021bine cont de condi\u021biile meteo, este recomandat s\u0103 se evite aplicarea erbicidului c\u00e2nd se anun\u021b\u0103 precipita\u021bii<\/li>
      • Alegerea erbicidului<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Aplicarea erbicidului la rapi\u021b\u0103<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \"Ghid<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

        Rapi\u021ba reac\u021bioneaz\u0103 foarte bine la ac\u021biunea competitiv\u0103 a buruienilor. Chiar \u0219i a\u0219a, erbicidarea este util\u0103 \u00een cazul culturii de rapi\u021b\u0103. Printre principalele buruieni care pot cauza probleme \u00eensemnate se num\u0103r\u0103 turi\u021ba \u0219i mu\u0219e\u021belul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Cruciferele afecteaz\u0103 calitatea produsului recoltat din prisma con\u021binutului de glucozinolat, acizi gra\u0219i \u0219i ulei. A\u0219adar, este esen\u021bial ca speciile la care manifest\u0103 sensibilitate cultura de rapi\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 fie comb\u0103tute c\u00e2t mai eficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Atunci c\u00e2nd exist\u0103 o bun\u0103 umiditate a solului este recomandat s\u0103 se utilizeze erbicide \u00een pre-germinare sau post-germinare timpurie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Num\u0103rul de erbicide care se pot aplica la rapi\u021b\u0103 prim\u0103vara este redus. Exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva variante de erbicid care sunt utile \u00een controlul buruienilor-problem\u0103, cum sunt mu\u0219e\u021belul, turi\u021ba, floarea de porumb \u0219i diverse buruieni monocotiledonate. \u00cen cazul culturii de rapi\u021b\u0103, este recomandat s\u0103 se planifice m\u0103surile de control al buruienilor \u00eenainte de iarn\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Aplicarea erbicidului la porumb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

        Porumbul este extrem de sensibil la concuren\u021ba buruienilor \u00een stadiul de dezvoltare al plantelor tinere. \u00cen cazul porumbului, buruienile concureaz\u0103 cu aceast\u0103 plant\u0103 pentru ap\u0103, nutrien\u021bi \u0219i lumin\u0103. Tocmai din acest motiv, m\u0103surile de combatere a buruienilor la porumb trebuie s\u0103 vizeze eliminarea acestora p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd se finalizeaz\u0103 fazele de vegeta\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Erbicidele care se pot folosi pentru cultura de porumb pot fi utilizate at\u00e2t \u00een preemergen\u021b\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een postemergen\u021b\u0103. Tratamentele din preemergen\u021b\u0103 trebuie efectuate doar \u00een condi\u021bii de bun\u0103 umiditate a solului. \u00cen postemergen\u021b\u0103, se face o distinc\u021bie \u00eentre produsele cu ac\u021biune foliar\u0103, la nivelul solului \u0219i combinat\u0103. Substan\u021bele care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin frunze au efect rapid asupra buruienilor r\u0103s\u0103rite din soluri uscate, bogate \u00een humus. Buruienile r\u0103s\u0103rite dup\u0103 aplicare nu sunt afectate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva recomand\u0103ri esen\u021biale pentru utilizarea erbicidelor pentru combaterea buruienilor dicotiledonate:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        • Nu se recomand\u0103 utilizarea acestora c\u00e2nd sunt fluctua\u021bii mari de temperatur\u0103<\/li>
        • Nu se pulverizeaz\u0103 \u00een lumina puternic\u0103 a soarelui; este recomandat s\u0103 se aplice dup\u0103 l\u0103sarea serii<\/li>
        • Nu se folosesc \u00een condi\u021bii de stres<\/li>
        • Este esen\u021bial s\u0103 te asiguri c\u0103 pe frunzele de porumb este suficient\u0103 cear\u0103<\/li>
        • Este important s\u0103 nu fie dep\u0103\u0219it\u0103 perioada recomandat\u0103 pentru utilizare<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Erbicidele cu ac\u021biune la sol se aplic\u0103 timpuriu. Atunci c\u00e2nd acestea sunt utilizate pe soluri minerale umede, prezint\u0103 efecte durabile semnificative asupra buruienilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva recomand\u0103ri de luat \u00een considerare atunci c\u00e2nd sunt utilizate erbicide care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een sol:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          • Aceste erbicide sunt eficiente doar \u00een condi\u021bii de bun\u0103 umiditate a solului<\/li>
          • Au nevoie de un pat germinativ adecvat<\/li>
          • Tipul de sol \u0219i con\u021binutul de humus poate influen\u021ba efectul lor<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Atunci c\u00e2nd se folose\u0219te glifosat, este necesar s\u0103 se asigure timpul optim de expunere, care depinde de agent \u0219i de m\u0103rimea buruienilor, \u00eenainte de preg\u0103tirea patului germinativ, pentru a se asigura o utilizare sigur\u0103 \u0219i eficient\u0103. Erbicidele trebuie utilizate la momentul potrivit. Utilizarea incorect\u0103 a lor poate provoca daune directe plantelor de porumb, precum \u0219i daune nedetectabile \u00een mod direct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Concluzie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            Erbicidele sunt substan\u021be chimice utilizate \u00een combaterea buruienilor pe suprafe\u021be mari. Exist\u0103 diverse tipuri de erbicide, iar alegerea erbicidului potrivit \u021bine de diver\u0219i factori, precum momentul aplic\u0103rii, modul de ac\u021biune \u0219i cultura pe care se va aplica erbicidul. Pentru a avea efectele dorite, este esen\u021bial\u0103 alegerea erbicidului potrivit \u00een func\u021bie de cultur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Sursa foto: Pixabay<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Ce este \u0219i cum se folose\u0219te erbicidul? Indiferent dac\u0103 ai o gr\u0103din\u0103 de legume sau o curte mixt\u0103, cu siguran\u021b\u0103 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":12789,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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