Tot ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii despre cultura de morcovi \u2013 \u00eenfiin\u021barea culturii<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Pentru a \u00eenfiin\u021ba cultura de morcovi, este necesar s\u0103 cuno\u0219ti c\u00e2teva aspecte esen\u021biale. \u021ai le prezent\u0103m \u00een r\u00e2ndurile care urmeaz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e2nd se planteaz\u0103 cultura de morcovi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Cultura de morcovi se \u00eenfiin\u021beaz\u0103 \u00een perioada martie-iunie, dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Cultura timpurie de morcovi se \u00eenfiin\u021beaz\u0103 mai devreme. Pentru aceasta sunt utilizate soiuri timpuri \u0219i semitimpurii<\/li>
- Cultura t\u00e2rzie de morcovi se \u00eenfiin\u021beaz\u0103 mai t\u00e2rziu. Pentru aceasta sunt utilizate soiuri semit\u00e2rzii \u0219i t\u00e2rzii. Produc\u021bia acestora se p\u0103streaz\u0103 peste iarn\u0103.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Preg\u0103tirea terenului pentru cultura de morcovi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Preg\u0103tirea terenului pentru cultura de morcovi \u00eencepe din toamn\u0103, c\u00e2nd se desfiin\u021beaz\u0103 culturile premerg\u0103toare, se face o discuire \u0219i se realizeaz\u0103 fertilizarea solului. \u00cencorporarea \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor<\/a><\/strong> se poate face printr-o ar\u0103tur\u0103 ad\u00e2nc\u0103, la 20-30 centimetri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/carrot-1565597_1920-1024x682.jpg\")
<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\nCondi\u021biile optime pentru a \u00eenfiin\u021ba cultura de morcov<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Cultura de morcov are nevoie de condi\u021bii speciale pentru a se dezvolta corespunz\u0103tor. Iat\u0103 care sunt acestea:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Temperatura<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Plantele de morcov nu sunt preten\u021bioase la c\u0103ldur\u0103. Semin\u021bele germineaz\u0103 la temperaturi \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu 5 grade Celsius, iar la 10 grade Celsius, semin\u021bele germineaz\u0103 \u00een 17 zile. Temperatura optim\u0103 pentru germinare \u00een 6-7 zile este de 20-25 grade Celsius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Morcovii prefer\u0103 o temperatur\u0103 de 15-24 grade Celsius \u0219i tolereaz\u0103 mai greu temperaturile de peste 30 de grade Celsius. Temperatura minim\u0103 pe care o suport\u0103 este de 3 grade Celsius. Planta este afectat\u0103 de \u00eenghe\u021b la temperaturi mai mici de -1 grad Celsius. Temperatura are o influen\u021b\u0103 semnificativ\u0103 asupra dimensiunii \u0219i formei r\u0103d\u0103cinilor de morcov, dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Peste 25 de grade Celsius: r\u0103d\u0103cinile sunt scurte, groase \u0219i con\u021bin o cantitate ridicat\u0103 de caroten<\/li>
- Sub 14 grade Celsius: r\u0103d\u0103cinile sunt sub\u021biri, lungi \u0219i con\u021bin o cantitate mic\u0103 de caroten<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Vernalizarea<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Vernalizarea constituie trecerea plantelor de la etapa vegetativ\u0103 la cea generativ\u0103 (de fructificare). Aceasta are loc la temperaturi sc\u0103zute, situate \u00eentre 5 \u0219i 10 grade Celsius. Perioada aceasta este cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre 30 \u0219i 40 de zile \u0219i este necesar\u0103 pentru dezvoltarea tulpinii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lumina<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Morcovul este o plant\u0103 care prefer\u0103 c\u00e2t mai mult\u0103 lumin\u0103 \u0219i este o plant\u0103 de zi lung\u0103. Cu c\u00e2t prime\u0219te mai mult\u0103 lumin\u0103, cu at\u00e2t se dezvolt\u0103 mai armonios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Umiditatea<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Cultura de morcov necesit\u0103 cantit\u0103\u021bi ridicate de ap\u0103 \u00een anumite stadii de cre\u0219tere, cum sunt stadiul de germinare, cel de dup\u0103 r\u0103s\u0103rire \u0219i cel din timpul dezvolt\u0103rii r\u0103d\u0103cinii. Se recomand\u0103 irigarea prin aspersie pentru a ob\u021bine o cultur\u0103 calitativ\u0103 \u0219i bogat\u0103. Totu\u0219i, se recomand\u0103 aten\u021bie la umiditatea \u00een exces, deoarece aceasta poate favoriza apari\u021bia bolilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00cen perioadele de secet\u0103, r\u0103d\u0103cinile devin lemnoase, proces denumit lignificare, iar perioadele de secet\u0103 alternate cu umiditatea excesiv\u0103 determin\u0103 cr\u0103parea r\u0103d\u0103cinilor de morcovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Solul<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Morcovul este o plant\u0103 preten\u021bioas\u0103 la tipul de sol. Vegeteaz\u0103 pe un sol cu fertilitate moderat\u0103, reav\u0103n, bine drenat \u0219i af\u00e2nat, u\u0219or sau mijlociu. Solul ideal pentru cultura de morcovi estre unul luto-nisipos, nisipos, aluvial. Produc\u021bia de morcovi este redus\u0103 \u0219i de calitate inferioar\u0103 dac\u0103 solul este greu, argilos. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te pH-ul solului, morcovul prefer\u0103 un sol cu pH cuprins \u00eentre 5,8-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Culturi premerg\u0103toare<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Se recomand\u0103 drept culturi premerg\u0103toare culturii de morcovi: cele de dovlecei, vinete, castrave\u021bi, tomate, varz\u0103, ardei, conopid\u0103, maz\u0103re \u0219i fasole. Rota\u021bia culturii de morcovi se face o dat\u0103 la patru ani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sem\u0103natul morcovilor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Semin\u021bele de morcov pot fi sem\u0103nate manual sau mecanic. Distan\u021ba de sem\u0103nare a semin\u021belor este de 5-6 centimetri \u00eentre plantele de pe r\u00e2nd \u0219i 25-50 de centimetri \u00eentre r\u00e2nduri. Semin\u021bele se planteaz\u0103 la o ad\u00e2ncime de 1,5-2 centimetri. Pentru cultura de c\u00e2mp se folose\u0219te, \u00een general, o cantitate de 7-8 kilograme de semin\u021be la hectar, iar dac\u0103 sunt utilizate semin\u021be drajate, se utilizeaz\u0103 3-4 kg\/ha. Pentru sem\u0103natul \u00een gr\u0103din\u0103 se folosesc 0,05 kg\/100 metri p\u0103tra\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lucr\u0103ri de \u00eentre\u021binere pentru cultura de morcovi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva lucr\u0103ri de \u00eentre\u021binere \u00een cazul culturii de morcovi. Acestea trebuie efectuate dup\u0103 sem\u0103nat \u0219i sunt, dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Pr\u0103\u0219ila oarb\u0103. Se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een cazul \u00een care apar buruieni sau se formeaz\u0103 crust\u0103 la suprafa\u021ba solului. Se pot efectua trei pr\u0103\u0219ile mecanice sau 1-2 pr\u0103\u0219ile manuale.<\/li>
- R\u0103rirea. Se face atunci c\u00e2nd apar primele 4-5 frunze. Este necesar s\u0103 asiguri o distan\u021b\u0103 de 4-5 centimetri \u00eentre plantele de pe r\u00e2nd. R\u0103rirea nu este necesar\u0103 \u00een cazul suprafe\u021belor mai mari, cum este cultura de morcovi din c\u00e2mp, deoarece densitatea per hectar este optim\u0103 prin sem\u0103narea mecanic\u0103 \u0219i prin utilizarea semin\u021belor drajate.<\/li>
- Irigarea. Se face dup\u0103 sem\u0103nat \u0219i se repet\u0103 la 2-3 zile, pentru a asigura umiditatea necesar\u0103 pentru r\u0103s\u0103rirea plantelor, cu o cantitate de 80-100 de metri cubi\/hectar. \u00cen zonele cu precipita\u021bii abundente sunt suficiente 2-3 ud\u0103ri.<\/li>
- Fertilizarea. Aceasta se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 etape \u0219i este recomandat\u0103 \u00een special pentru solurile s\u0103race. Fertilizarea de baz\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd au ap\u0103rut cel pu\u021bin 3-4 frunze, dup\u0103 r\u0103rit. A doua fertilizare se face c\u00e2nd \u00eencepe \u00eengro\u0219area r\u0103d\u0103cinilor. Fertilizarea se repet\u0103 la un interval de 25-30 de zile \u0219i se recomand\u0103 utilizarea unui \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt pe baz\u0103 de azot, fosfor \u0219i potasiu.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/carrot-2743498_640.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nD\u0103un\u0103tori \u0219i boli la cultura de morcovi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Exist\u0103 diver\u0219i d\u0103un\u0103tori \u0219i boli care pot afecta cultura de morcovi. Este necesar s\u0103 se realizeze lucr\u0103ri pentru combaterea \u0219i protejarea \u00eempotriva posibililor d\u0103un\u0103tori \u0219i boli care pot s\u0103 apar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u0103un\u0103tori pentru cultura de morcovi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Iat\u0103 care sunt principalii d\u0103un\u0103tori care pot afecta cultura de morcovi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Nematodul galicol al morcovului (Meloidogyne hapla<\/em>) atac\u0103 mai multe tipuri de plante, printre care se num\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103d\u0103cinile morcovilor. Ierneaz\u0103 \u00een sol \u00een stadiu de ou \u0219i are 1-2 genera\u021bii pe an. Atacul asupra r\u0103d\u0103cinilor determin\u0103 ramificarea lor \u0219i duce la o recolt\u0103 de calitate inferioar\u0103.<\/li>
- P\u0103duchele verde al morcovului (Semiaphis dauci<\/em>) atac\u0103 frunzele \u0219i formeaz\u0103 colonii pe partea inferioar\u0103, afect\u00e2nd aparatul foliar al morcovilor. Poate favoriza apari\u021bia virozelor.<\/li>
- Croitorul morcovului (Phytoecia icteria<\/em>) atac\u0103, \u00een general, plantele r\u0103d\u0103cinoase, cum este \u0219i morcovul. Ierneaz\u0103 \u00een stadiul de larv\u0103 \u0219i are o genera\u021bie pe an. Atac\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cinile, \u00een care formeaz\u0103 galerii. Morcovii sunt vulnerabili din cauza acestui d\u0103un\u0103tor \u0219i pot fi afecta\u021bi de putregaiuri bacteriene \u0219i micotice, motiv pentru care putrezesc u\u0219or \u00een depozit.<\/li>
- P\u0103duchele verde al piersicului (Myzus persicae<\/em>) atac\u0103 mai multe specii de plante, printre care se num\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i morcovul. Favorizeaz\u0103 transmiterea virozelor. Atac\u0103 frunzele, unde se formeaz\u0103 colonii de afide.<\/li>
- Musca morcovului (Psila rosae<\/em>) ierneaz\u0103 \u00een sol \u00een stadiu de pup\u0103 sau de larv\u0103 din a doua genera\u021bie \u00een interiorul r\u0103d\u0103cinilor de morcovi. Este un d\u0103un\u0103tor periculos, care afecteaz\u0103 recolta. \u00cen urma atacului, planta nu se dezvolt\u0103 corespunz\u0103tor, iar \u00een r\u0103d\u0103cini apar galerii s\u0103pate de larve. Morcovii afecta\u021bi putrezesc foarte u\u0219or.<\/li>
- Plo\u0219ni\u021ba v\u0103rgat\u0103 a umbeliferelor (Graphosoma lineatumn<\/em>) ierneaz\u0103 \u00een stadiu de adult pe frunzele sau resturile vegetale c\u0103zute pe sol. Are o singur\u0103 genera\u021bie pe an. \u00cen\u021beap\u0103 \u0219i extrage sucul celular din frunze sau din semin\u021bele verzi, iar atacul s\u0103u se observ\u0103 prin apari\u021bia unor pete decolorate pe frunze.<\/li>
- Fluturele coad\u0103 de r\u00e2ndunic\u0103 (Papilio machaon) ierneaz\u0103 ca omid\u0103 \u00een stadiu de pup\u0103 \u0219i are dou\u0103 genera\u021bii pe an, cuprinse \u00eentr-o perioad\u0103 de 70-80 de zile. Omizile atac\u0103 plantele de morcov, favoriz\u00e2nd defolierea lor prematur\u0103.<\/li>
- G\u0103rg\u0103ri\u021ba morcovului (Liparus coronatus<\/em>) ierneaz\u0103 \u00een stadiu de larv\u0103 \u00een sol \u0219i are o genera\u021bie pe an. Atac\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cinile morcovilor \u0219i sap\u0103 \u00een interiorul lor galerii de hr\u0103nire. R\u0103d\u0103cinile atacate se necrozeaz\u0103.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Pentru a combate d\u0103un\u0103torii din cultura de morcovi se pot utiliza diverse produse insecticide. Printre cele mai populare insecticide<\/a><\/strong> utilizate \u00een tratamentul acestei culturi se num\u0103r\u0103 Boundary SW<\/a><\/strong>, Delmetros 100SC<\/a> <\/strong>\u0219i Hunter SW<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bolile care afecteaz\u0103 cultura de morcovi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Iat\u0103 care sunt cele mai frecvente boli ale culturii de morcov:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- Alternarioza morcovului (Alternaria dauci<\/em>) este una dintre cele mai periculoase boli pentru cultura de morcov. Este provocat\u0103 de ciuperca Alternaria dauci<\/em>. Apari\u021bia bolii este favorizat\u0103 de excesul de ap\u0103 de pe frunze \u0219i de umiditatea ridicat\u0103. Ciuperca atac\u0103 frunzele, tulpina \u0219i r\u0103d\u0103cina, iar semnele atacului sunt recunoscute prin apari\u021bia unor pete de culoare brun\u0103 spre maro \u00eenchis, care acoper\u0103 marginea frunzelor. Atunci c\u00e2nd sunt afectate de aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 \u021besuturile mor, frunzele \u00eencep s\u0103 se usuce, d\u00e2nd impresia c\u0103 sunt arse. \u00cen general, frunzele b\u0103tr\u00e2ne sunt atacate primele, \u00eentruc\u00e2t sunt mai sensibile la atacul alternariozei.<\/li>
- Cercosporioza morcovului (Cercospora carotae<\/em>) este o boal\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de ciuperca Cercospora carotae<\/em>. Apari\u021bia ei este favorizat\u0103 de prezen\u021ba apei pe frunze \u0219i de temperaturile cuprinse \u00eentre 20 \u0219i 28 de grade Celsius. Primele semne ale bolii apar pe frunzele tinere, unde se observ\u0103 pete mici \u0219i neregulate, care se m\u0103resc \u00een timp \u0219i se unesc \u00eentre ele, afect\u00e2nd o mare parte a frunzei. Odat\u0103 afectate, frunzele se ofilesc \u0219i se usuc\u0103.<\/li>
- F\u0103inarea morcovului (Erysiphe umbelliferarum<\/em>) este o boal\u0103 care atac\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bile verzi ale morcovului, adic\u0103 tulpina \u0219i frunzele. Apari\u021bia bolii este favorizat\u0103 de vremea secetoas\u0103, iar atacul debuteaz\u0103 prin apari\u021bia unor pete circulare mici, albe, care se m\u0103resc treptat \u0219i ajung s\u0103 acopere \u00eentreaga frunz\u0103. Determin\u0103 r\u0103sucirea, brunificarea \u0219i uscarea frunzelor afectate.<\/li>
- Mana la morcov (Phytophthora dauci<\/em>) afecteaz\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cina morcovului. Semnele atacului sunt vizibile prin apari\u021bia unor benzi umede de culoare neagr\u0103 spre maroniu. \u021aesuturile afectate ob\u021bin consisten\u021ba cauciucului sau se \u00eenmoaie. Afecteaz\u0103 culturile de c\u00e2mp \u0219i se poate dezvolta \u0219i \u00een depozit, dac\u0103 temperaturile sunt sc\u0103zute. Dac\u0103 umiditatea este ridicat\u0103, poate s\u0103 apar\u0103 un mucegai alb \u0219i dens. Este asociat\u0103 \u0219i cu o drenare deficitar\u0103 a solului.<\/li>
- Septorioza la morcov (Septoria carotae<\/em>) este o boal\u0103 care afecteaz\u0103 frunzele, iar atacul se recunoa\u0219te prin apari\u021bia unor pete de culoare galben-brun\u0103.<\/li>
- Putregaiul alb al r\u0103d\u0103cinilor (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum<\/em>) este o boal\u0103 care apare la morcovii din depozite \u0219i la cultura de morcovi din c\u00e2mp. Este favorizat\u0103 de umiditate \u0219i temperaturi ridicate. Semnele atacului s\u0103u includ pete umede, acoperite cu puf alb, care determin\u0103 putrezirea complet\u0103 a r\u0103d\u0103cinilor.<\/li>
- Putregaiul moale al r\u0103d\u0103cinilor (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora<\/em>) este o boal\u0103 care apare \u00een special la cultura de morcovi din c\u00e2mp \u0219i la morcovii din depozite. Primele semne ale sale sunt apari\u021bia unor pete de culoare galben-maronie \u00een partea superioar\u0103 a r\u0103d\u0103cinii, pete care se extind treptat \u0219i ajung s\u0103 afecteze \u00een totalitate partea superioar\u0103 a r\u0103d\u0103cinii.<\/li>
- Putregaiul cenu\u0219iu (Botrytis cinerea<\/em>) afecteaz\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cinile morcovilor, \u00een special dup\u0103 ce ace\u0219tia ajung \u00een depozit. \u00cen c\u00e2mp, boala este favorizat\u0103 de precipita\u021bii abundente. Odat\u0103 afectate, r\u0103d\u0103cinile \u00eencep s\u0103 putrezeasc\u0103.<\/li>
- Putrezirea apoas\u0103 (Rhizopus stolonifer<\/em>) atac\u0103 r\u0103d\u0103cinile morcovilor din depozit. Apari\u021bia bolii este favorizat\u0103 de temperaturile ridicate, umiditatea crescut\u0103 \u0219i slaba aerisire a depozitului.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Pentru combaterea bolilor din cultura de morcovi se pot utiliza diverse fungicide. Dintre cele mai populare fac parte fungicidele Dagonis<\/a><\/strong>, Ortiva Top<\/a><\/strong> \u0219i Signum<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Concluzii<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Cultura de morcov se poate dezvolta \u00een gr\u0103din\u0103 sau \u00een c\u00e2mp, \u00eens\u0103, pentru a avea o recolt\u0103 bogat\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103, este necesar s\u0103 \u021bii cont de c\u00e2teva recomand\u0103ri. Acestea te vor ajuta s\u0103 cultivi morcovi fie pentru uz propriu, fie pentru comercializare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sursa foto: Pixabay<\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Morcovul este una dintre cele mai s\u0103n\u0103toase legume \u0219i poate fi consumat at\u00e2t crud, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een diverse preparate culinare. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":13708,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1658,1654,1653],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agricultura","category-casa-si-gradina","category-legumicultura"],"yoast_head":"\n
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Cercosporioza morcovului (Cercospora carotae<\/em>) este o boal\u0103 cauzat\u0103 de ciuperca Cercospora carotae<\/em>. Apari\u021bia ei este favorizat\u0103 de prezen\u021ba apei pe frunze \u0219i de temperaturile cuprinse \u00eentre 20 \u0219i 28 de grade Celsius. Primele semne ale bolii apar pe frunzele tinere, unde se observ\u0103 pete mici \u0219i neregulate, care se m\u0103resc \u00een timp \u0219i se unesc \u00eentre ele, afect\u00e2nd o mare parte a frunzei. Odat\u0103 afectate, frunzele se ofilesc \u0219i se usuc\u0103.<\/li>
- P\u0103duchele verde al morcovului (Semiaphis dauci<\/em>) atac\u0103 frunzele \u0219i formeaz\u0103 colonii pe partea inferioar\u0103, afect\u00e2nd aparatul foliar al morcovilor. Poate favoriza apari\u021bia virozelor.<\/li>
- Nematodul galicol al morcovului (Meloidogyne hapla<\/em>) atac\u0103 mai multe tipuri de plante, printre care se num\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103d\u0103cinile morcovilor. Ierneaz\u0103 \u00een sol \u00een stadiu de ou \u0219i are 1-2 genera\u021bii pe an. Atacul asupra r\u0103d\u0103cinilor determin\u0103 ramificarea lor \u0219i duce la o recolt\u0103 de calitate inferioar\u0103.<\/li>