{"id":16017,"date":"2021-02-28T17:18:44","date_gmt":"2021-02-28T15:18:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/?p=16017"},"modified":"2021-02-28T17:18:47","modified_gmt":"2021-02-28T15:18:47","slug":"fertilizarea-porumbului-cum-cand-si-in-ce-doze-se-aplica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/blog\/agricultura\/fertilizarea-porumbului-cum-cand-si-in-ce-doze-se-aplica\/","title":{"rendered":"Fertilizarea porumbului: Cum, c\u00e2nd \u0219i \u00een ce doze se aplic\u0103?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pentru a avea o produc\u021bie profitabil\u0103 de porumb, aceast\u0103 cultur\u0103 necesit\u0103 fertilizare corespunz\u0103toare. Este esen\u021bial s\u0103 folose\u0219ti \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele<\/a><\/strong> potrivite, \u00een dozele necesare, precum \u0219i s\u0103 \u021bii cont de perioada optim\u0103 pentru fertilizare pentru a avea o cultur\u0103 de succes. Exist\u0103 trei factori-cheie de care s\u0103 \u021bii cont atunci c\u00e2nd alegi planul de fertilizare pentru cultura ta de porumb. Ace\u0219tia sunt: randamentul solului pe care cultivi porumbul, fertilitatea solului \u0219i fertilizarea porumbului \u00een func\u021bie de stadiile de cre\u0219tere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00centruc\u00e2t porumbul este un mare consumator de substan\u021be nutritive, acesta are nevoie de un aport crescut de nutrien\u021bi. Necesarul de substan\u021be nutritive ale porumbului depinde de obiectivul de produc\u021bie \u0219i de poten\u021bial. Hibrizii noi \u0219i variet\u0103\u021bile de porumb cu randament ridicat au o cerere mai mare de nutrien\u021bi. Cea mai bun\u0103 metod\u0103 prin care s\u0103 descoperi cel mai bun \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt pentru cultura ta de porumb este s\u0103 testezi terenul pe care cultivi. Acest lucru te va ajuta s\u0103 determini nivelul de nutrien\u021bi existent deja \u00een sol \u0219i nutrien\u021bii care necesit\u0103 suplimentare cu ajutorul \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor. Este bine s\u0103 \u0219tii c\u0103 \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021besc produc\u021bia de porumb indiferent de sol, chiar \u0219i \u00een cazul solurilor cu fertilitate ridicat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2nd se recomand\u0103 fertilizarea porumbului?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Porumbul necesit\u0103 cantit\u0103\u021bi diferite de nutrien\u021bi la diverse stadii de cre\u0219tere. Este esen\u021bial momentul aplic\u0103rii \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor la porumb. Nu exist\u0103 un anumit \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt care trebuie s\u0103 fie folosit, ci tipul de fertilizator difer\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de momentul aplic\u0103rii \u0219i de necesit\u0103\u021bile porumbului \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te substan\u021bele nutritive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u0219adar, este recomandat ca \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele s\u0103 se aplice \u021bin\u00e2nd cont de etapa de dezvoltare a porumbului. Prima aplicare se poate efectua prin stropire foliar\u0103 odat\u0103 cu erbicidarea postemergent\u0103. Cea de-a doua aplicare poate fi realizat\u0103 odat\u0103 cu pra\u0219ila mecanic\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd plantele au \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea de 25-30 cm. Cea de-a treia aplicare este recomandat s\u0103 se realizeze \u00eenainte de apari\u021bia paniculului \u0219i poate fi efectuat\u0103 prin stropire foliar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tipuri de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte recomandate pentru porumb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pentru ca porumbul s\u0103 se dezvolte optim \u0219i s\u0103 aib\u0103 o produc\u021bie \u00eensemnat\u0103, este important s\u0103 i se ofere toate elementele nutritive de care are nevoie. Principalele macro-elemente necesare plantei sunt azotul (N), fosforul (P) \u0219i potasiul (K), dar exist\u0103 \u0219i alte elemente care \u00eei sunt necesare plantei pentru o dezvoltare optim\u0103. Acestea sunt magneziul (Mg), sulful (S), calciul (Ca), zincul (Zn) \u0219i manganul (Mn).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Azotul este responsabil cu procesele de via\u021b\u0103, cum sunt fotosinteza, cre\u0219terea \u0219i reproducerea plantelor. Principalul efect al azotului este acela care d\u0103 culoarea verde caracteristic\u0103 frunzelor. De asemenea, \u0219i cre\u0219terea vegetativ\u0103 a plantelor este asociat\u0103 cu azotul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fosforul joac\u0103, de asemenea, un rol esen\u021bial \u00een fotosintez\u0103, cre\u0219tere, reproducere \u0219i men\u021binerea identit\u0103\u021bii genetice. De asemenea, joac\u0103 un rol important \u00een procesul respirator. Fosforul este \u00een special asociat cu diviziunea celular\u0103, cre\u0219terea r\u0103d\u0103cinilor, \u00eenflorirea \u0219i maturarea culturii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potasiul este asociat cu t\u0103ria tulpinii, rezisten\u021ba la frig \u0219i secet\u0103, \u0219i calitatea fructelor. Favorizeaz\u0103 formarea de proteine, zah\u0103r, amidon \u0219i uleiuri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cum \u0219i \u00een ce doze se aplic\u0103 \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntul pentru porumb?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Fertilizarea porumbului poate fi realizat\u0103 prin diverse modalit\u0103\u021bi de aplicare localizat\u0103 a \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor. Iat\u0103 care sunt principalele trei metode utilizate pentru fertilizarea porumbului:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Fertilizarea starter. \u00cen cadrul acestei metode, \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele se plaseaz\u0103 la 5 cm sub r\u00e2ndul de semin\u021be \u0219i la 5 cm lateral fa\u021b\u0103 de acest r\u00e2nd. \u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntul starter nu se aplic\u0103 prea aproape de semin\u021be, pentru a nu afecta plantele. \u00cen cazul \u00een care acest \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt se aplic\u0103 prea aproape de semin\u021be, plantele pot dob\u00e2ndi o colora\u021bie ro\u0219iatic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Fertilizarea cu \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte microgranulate. \u00cen cadrul acestei metode, \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntul se aplic\u0103 pe acela\u0219i r\u00e2nd cu semin\u021bele, folosind echipamente speciale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Fertilizarea \u00een vegeta\u021bie, odat\u0103 cu pra\u0219ila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doze utilizate la fertilizarea porumbului \u00een func\u021bie de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dintre toate \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele chimice, cel mai important pentru ob\u021binerea produc\u021biei de porumb \u00eel au cele pe baz\u0103 de azot. Aplicarea \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor pe baz\u0103 de azot \u021bine cont de c\u00e2teva condi\u021bii de aplicare, care difer\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de soiul cultivat \u0219i de plantele premerg\u0103toare. De exemplu, aceste \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte se aplic\u0103 \u00een doze cuprinse \u00eentre 60 \u0219i 200 de kilograme la hectar. Pentru a stabili cantitatea potrivit\u0103 de \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 \u021bii cont de caracteristicile solului \u0219i de produc\u021bia planificat\u0103. Este, de asemenea, important s\u0103 \u021bii cont de faptul c\u0103 porumbul folose\u0219te o mic\u0103 parte din elementele nutritive \u00een etapa form\u0103rii bobului, astfel c\u0103 aproximativ 75-90% din elementele nutritive se acumuleaz\u0103 \u00een plant\u0103 \u0219i apoi trec \u00een bob.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cele mai importante substan\u021be nutritive folosite la fertilizarea porumbului sunt azotul, fosforul \u0219i potasiul, cunoscute sub denumirea de grupul NPK. Pentru a ob\u021bine o ton\u0103 de porumb boabe se utilizeaz\u0103 20-22 kg azot, iar cantitatea se reduce dac\u0103 terenul pe care este cultivat porumbul a fost \u00eenainte cultivat cu leguminoase sau a fost deja fertilizat cu gunoi de grajd. Pentru fertilizarea porumbului la sem\u0103nat se recomand\u0103 utilizarea unei doze de 50-60 kg de azot la hectar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te fertilizarea porumbului cu \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt pe baz\u0103 de fosfor, este bine s\u0103 \u0219tii c\u0103 pentru fiecare ton\u0103 de porumb boabe este necesar\u0103 o doz\u0103 de 8-9 kg fosfor. \u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele trebuie s\u0103 fie aplicate uniform \u0219i se recomand\u0103 s\u0103 fie acoperite de brazd\u0103 \u00een timpul aratului sau s\u0103 fie aplicate odat\u0103 cu lucr\u0103rile de preg\u0103tire a patului germinativ. Pot fi aplicate \u0219i la sem\u0103nat, odat\u0103 cu \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele pe baz\u0103 de azot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gunoiul de grajd este un \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt valoros pentru porumb, \u00eentruc\u00e2t este o surs\u0103 bun\u0103 de potasiu. Acesta se aplic\u0103 \u00een doze de 20-40 tone la hectar, o dat\u0103 la 4-5 ani \u0219i se \u00eencorporeaz\u0103 \u00een sol sub ar\u0103tura ad\u00e2nc\u0103. Ar\u0103tura se realizeaz\u0103 la 25-30 cm ad\u00e2ncime, imediat dup\u0103 ce terenul se elibereaz\u0103 de planta premerg\u0103toare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Top 5 \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte recomandate pentru fertilizarea porumbului<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen continuare \u00ee\u021bi vom prezenta un top al \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor utilizate pentru fertilizarea porumbului. Desigur, \u021bine cont c\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd alegi \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntul pentru cultura ta, este esen\u021bial s\u0103 alegi lu\u00e2nd \u00een considerare substan\u021bele nutritive de care are nevoie cultura, \u00een func\u021bie de solul pe care ai plantat porumbul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Complex Azomures 16-16-16<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Complexul Azomures 16-16-16<\/a><\/strong> este un \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt granulat care con\u021bine toate cele trei macroelemente esen\u021biale pentru dezvoltarea optim\u0103 a porumbului: azot, fosfor \u0219i potasiu. Are o formul\u0103 liniar\u0103 echilibrat\u0103. Asigur\u0103 o \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tiere uniform\u0103 pe sol \u0219i contribuie la cre\u0219terea rezisten\u021bei plantei fa\u021b\u0103 de secet\u0103 \u0219i boli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foliar microfert-u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntul Foliar microfert-u<\/a><\/strong> se recomand\u0103 a fi utilizat \u00een concentra\u021bie de 0,5-1% pentru culturile semincere \u0219i pentru consum, cu sau f\u0103r\u0103 fertilizare de baz\u0103, pe toate tipurile de sol. \u00cen cazul culturii de porumb, se recomand\u0103 1-3 fertiliz\u0103ri cu doze de 2,5-5 l produs \u00een 500 l ap\u0103\/ha. Prima fertilizare se realizeaz\u0103 c\u00e2nd plantele au 3-5 frunze, iar urm\u0103toarele, la intervale de 10-15 zile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biostimulator Blackjak<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntul Biostimulator Blackjak<\/a><\/strong> este 100% natural, sub form\u0103 de suspensie concentrat\u0103 apoas\u0103. Ofer\u0103 beneficiile utiliz\u0103rii a 7-8 tone de gunoi de grajd. Contribuie la refacerea fertilit\u0103\u021bii solului \u0219i la accelerarea procesului de \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinare, cre\u0219te cantitatea de humus \u0219i poten\u021bialul de re\u021binere a apei \u00een sol, faciliteaz\u0103 \u00eenmul\u021birea microorganismelor din sol, ajut\u0103 la deblocarea substan\u021belor nutritive din sol, stimuleaz\u0103 respira\u021bia la nivelul r\u0103d\u0103cinilor, faciliteaz\u0103 fotosinteza \u0219i activitatea enzimatic\u0103 din plante \u0219i ajut\u0103 la diminuarea gradului de eroziune a solului. La culturile de porumb, se recomand\u0103 aplicarea \u00eenainte de sem\u0103nat \u0219i cel mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een stadiul de 3 frunze, cu o doz\u0103 de 4-5 l\/ha. Aplicarea foliar\u0103, c\u00e2nd plantele au 20-25 cm \u00een\u0103l\u021bime, se realizeaz\u0103 cu o doz\u0103 de 1-2 l\/ha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt Biocat G<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntul Biocat G<\/a> <\/strong>este un \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt hidrosolubil, ideal pentru a fi utilizat ca \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt \u00een fertilizarea starter. Se recomand\u0103 utilizarea a 200-500 kg\/ha pentru cereale \u0219i plante tehnice. Con\u021bine 75% materie organic\u0103, 29% extract humic, 10% azot, 5% potasiu \u0219i 8.5% sulf. Ajut\u0103 la cre\u0219terea produc\u021biei, chiar \u0219i \u00een condi\u021bii nefavorabile, cre\u0219te rezisten\u021ba plantelor la boli \u0219i d\u0103un\u0103tori, \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te \u0219i stimuleaz\u0103 cre\u0219terea r\u0103d\u0103cinilor, elibereaz\u0103 nutrien\u021bii bloca\u021bi \u00een sol \u0219i cre\u0219te flora microbian\u0103 din sol, care este benefic\u0103 plantelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt Kendal TE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"Ingrasamant<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u00cengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2ntul Kendal TE<\/a><\/strong> este o formulare cu con\u021binut ridicat de microelemente (Mn, Zn), cu 23% clorur\u0103 de oxid de cupru. Ajut\u0103 la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea rezisten\u021bei \u0219i la prevenirea form\u0103rii bolilor, iar folosit ca \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103m\u00e2nt foliar, ajut\u0103 la men\u021binerea unui stoc s\u0103n\u0103tos \u0219i \u00eent\u0103re\u0219te celulele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Concluzie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a avea o produc\u021bie bogat\u0103 de porumb, este necesar s\u0103 \u00eei asiguri culturii toate elementele nutritive necesare pentru o dezvoltare optim\u0103. Din acest motiv, este recomandat s\u0103 folose\u0219ti anumite \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte recomandate pentru fertilizarea porumbului, \u00eentruc\u00e2t acestea, utilizate conform recomand\u0103rilor specifice fiec\u0103rui produs, asigur\u0103 elementele de care are nevoie porumbul pentru a cre\u0219te \u0219i a se dezvolta corespunz\u0103tor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pentru a avea o produc\u021bie profitabil\u0103 de porumb, aceast\u0103 cultur\u0103 necesit\u0103 fertilizare corespunz\u0103toare. Este esen\u021bial s\u0103 folose\u0219ti \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintele potrivite, \u00een […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":16018,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1658,1655],"tags":[1751,1770,1769],"class_list":["post-16017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agricultura","category-fermieri","tag-agricultor","tag-fertilizare","tag-ingrasaminte"],"yoast_head":"\nFertilizarea porumbului: Cum, c\u00e2nd \u0219i \u00een ce doze se aplic\u0103? - Plantmaster<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fertilizarea porumbului poate fi realizat\u0103 prin diverse modalit\u0103\u021bi de aplicare localizat\u0103 a \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103mintelor. 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