{"id":29557,"date":"2024-07-22T15:07:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-22T12:07:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/blog\/?p=29557"},"modified":"2024-07-22T15:07:02","modified_gmt":"2024-07-22T12:07:02","slug":"bolile-cartofului-clasificare-prevenire-si-combatere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/blog\/legumicultura\/bolile-cartofului-clasificare-prevenire-si-combatere\/","title":{"rendered":"Bolile cartofului: Clasificare, prevenire \u0219i combatere"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Cartofii sunt utiliza\u021bi \u00een alimenta\u021bia omului \u0219i ca furaj pentru animale. Pentru a avea o cultur\u0103 profitabil\u0103 de cartofi, este esen\u021bial ca aceasta s\u0103 fie \u00eengrijit\u0103 corespunz\u0103tor. De aceea, este bine de \u0219tiut care sunt principalii d\u0103un\u0103tori \u0219i boli ale cartofului, pentru a le putea preveni \u0219i trata corespunz\u0103tor. \u00centr-un articol anterior, am vorbit despre d\u0103un\u0103torii cartofului<\/a><\/strong>, iar \u00een articolul de azi \u00ee\u021bi prezent\u0103m bolile cartofului, precum \u0219i cele mai eficiente metode de combatere a acestora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Care sunt bolile cartofului?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bolile cartofului se \u00eempart \u00een trei categorii principale: viroze, bacterioze \u0219i micoze, iar \u00een fiecare dintre aceste categorii reg\u0103sim diverse boli care pot afecta cultura cartofului. Iat\u0103 care sunt principalele boli din fiecare categorie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viroze<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mozaicul X al cartofului<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Atacul acestei boli se observ\u0103 prin apari\u021bia pe frunze a unor pete de culoare verde-g\u0103lbui, care alterneaz\u0103 cu por\u021biuni pe care nu sunt vizibile simptomele. \u00cen cazul unui atac mai puternic, frunzele se deformeaz\u0103 \u0219i se \u00eencre\u021besc, iar apoi apar pete \u0219i dungi necrotice de culoare brun-negricioas\u0103. De asemenea, petele \u0219i dungile necrotice pot ap\u0103rea \u0219i pe pe\u021bioluri sau pe tulpini. Virusul este transmis de la un an la altul prin tuberculii infecta\u021bi, iar \u00een vegeta\u021bie se transmite prin contactul plantelor s\u0103n\u0103toase cu cele bolnave.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a preveni \u0219i combate aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 se recomand\u0103 cultivarea soiurilor rezistente, utilizarea materialului s\u0103ditor s\u0103n\u0103tos, eliminarea din cultur\u0103 a plantelor afectate \u0219i evitarea r\u0103nirii plantelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mozaicul Y al cartofului<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 se manifest\u0103 pe frunze \u0219i tulpini, iar atacul s\u0103u se observ\u0103 sub forma unor striuri, dungi \u0219i pete necrotice pe organele atacate. \u00cen urma atacului, frunzele se ofilesc, se usuc\u0103, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu cele de la baz\u0103, dup\u0103 care se desprind de pe plant\u0103. Produc\u021bia de tuberculi poate sc\u0103dea semnificativ ca urmare a atacului acestei boli, iar plantele ob\u021binute din tuberculii infecta\u021bi au o talie mult mai redus\u0103. Virusul se transmite prin afide \u0219i prin tuberculii infecta\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a preveni \u0219i combate aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 se recomand\u0103 cultivarea soiurilor rezistente, utilizarea materialului s\u0103ditor s\u0103n\u0103tos, eliminarea plantelor afectate din cultur\u0103, evitarea r\u0103nirii plantelor \u0219i aplicarea tratamentelor cu insecticide specifice, \u00een vederea \u021binerii sub control a popula\u021biei de afide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bacterioze<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00cennegrirea bazei tulpinii \u0219i putregaiul umed al tuberculilor de cartof<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Plantele care provin din tuberculii infecta\u021bi r\u0103m\u00e2n mici, cu tulpini debile, dar erecte. Frunzele sunt verzi-g\u0103lbui, se r\u0103sucesc \u0219i devin rigide. Baza tulpinii se sub\u021biaz\u0103, se \u00eennegre\u0219te \u0219i \u021besuturile putrezesc. Plantele bolnave se smulg u\u0219or \u0219i nu produc tuberculi. \u00cen tuberculul afectat, sec\u021biunea prezint\u0103 o colora\u021bie roz-violacee a inelului de vase. \u00cen stadiu mai avansat, \u00een tubercul se formeaz\u0103 caverne pline cu un mucilagiu bacterian. Acestea eman\u0103 un miros nepl\u0103cut. Pulpa tuberculului se descompune.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a preveni \u0219i combate aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 se recomand\u0103 utilizarea materialului s\u0103ditor s\u0103n\u0103tos, str\u00e2ngerea \u0219i arderea resturilor vegetale, evitarea irig\u0103rii prin aspersiune \u0219i depozitarea tuberculilor \u00een condi\u021bii corespunz\u0103toare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Micoze<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Alternarioza<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Apari\u021bia bolii se observ\u0103 pe frunze \u0219i tulpini, prin apari\u021bia unor leziuni \u00eenchise la culoare, cu marginea galben\u0103, care pot forma zone concentrice. Frunzele atacate se ofilesc, se deformeaz\u0103 \u0219i se usuc\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n ata\u0219ate de plante. Ciuperca poate trece u\u0219or de pe frunze pe tuberculi, unde formeaz\u0103 pete brun-negricioase, iar \u021besutul din dreptul acestora putreze\u0219te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a preveni \u0219i combate aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 se recomand\u0103 utilizarea materialului s\u0103ditor s\u0103n\u0103tos, reducerea stresului plantelor prin fertilizare \u0219i irigare adecvat\u0103, precum \u0219i aplicarea tratamentelor cu fungicide specifice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mana cartofului<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 se manifest\u0103 pe toate organele plantei, prin apari\u021bia unor pete g\u0103lbui, care la \u00eenceput sunt mici, care au un contur difuz \u0219i sunt mai numeroase la marginea foliolelor. Acestea se m\u0103resc treptat \u0219i devin brune, apoi brun-negricioase, \u0219i sunt \u00eenconjurate de o dung\u0103 galben\u0103 cu margini neregulate \u0219i difuze. Pe fa\u021ba inferioar\u0103, \u00een dreptul petelor, se poate observa un puf fin, albicios. Pe tuberculii afecta\u021bi, mana se observ\u0103 sub forma unor pete brune, brun-cenu\u0219ii sau alb\u0103strui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a preveni \u0219i combate aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 se recomand\u0103 utilizarea de material s\u0103ditor s\u0103n\u0103tos, evitarea irig\u0103rii prin aspersiune, adunarea \u0219i distrugerea resturilor vegetale toamna \u0219i aplicarea tratamentelor cu fungicide specifice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Putregaiul uscat al tuberculilor de cartof<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Atacul acestei boli se manifest\u0103 pe tuberculi, unde se observ\u0103 pete brune, \u00een dreptul c\u0103rora \u021besutul devine moale. Pulpa tuberculilor putreze\u0219te \u0219i devine brun\u0103, dup\u0103 care se usuc\u0103 \u0219i se \u00eent\u0103re\u0219te. Treptat, tuberculul se zb\u00e2rce\u0219te, \u00ee\u0219i mic\u0219oreaz\u0103 volumul, iar pulpa sa se transform\u0103 \u00eentr-o mas\u0103 tare, sf\u0103r\u00e2micioas\u0103, alb-g\u0103lbuie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a preveni \u0219i combate aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 se recomand\u0103 utilizarea materialului s\u0103ditor s\u0103n\u0103tos, evitarea irig\u0103rii prin aspersiune, adunarea \u0219i distrugerea resturilor vegetale toamna \u0219i depozitarea tuberculilor \u00een condi\u021bii corespunz\u0103toare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e2ia neagr\u0103 a cartofului<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Se manifest\u0103 pe organele subterane ale cartofului, cu excep\u021bia r\u0103d\u0103cinilor, iar rar se manifest\u0103 la baza tulpinii \u0219i pe frunzele bazale. Pe organele atacate se observ\u0103 excrescen\u021be mici, albicioase, moi \u0219i c\u0103rnoase, care cresc, se brunific\u0103 \u0219i devin buretoase. Acestea se dezvolt\u0103 pe toat\u0103 suprafa\u021ba tuberculului, iar \u00een urma atacului, tuberculul putreze\u0219te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a preveni \u0219i combate aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 se recomand\u0103 cultivarea soiurilor rezistente, plantarea tuberculilor s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i \u0219i eliminarea din cultur\u0103 a plantelor afectate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cum se combat bolile cartofului?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen continuare \u00ee\u021bi ar\u0103t\u0103m care sunt principalele fungicide care sunt recomandate pentru a combate bolile cartofului:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fungicid Infinito 687.5 SC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fungicidul Infinito 687.5 SC<\/a><\/strong> este un fungicid cu ac\u021biune preventiv\u0103, curativ\u0103 \u0219i antisporulant\u0103 asupra ciupercilor patogeni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fungicid Polyram DF 20g<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fungicidul Polyram DF 20g<\/a><\/strong> ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin contact, \u00eempiedic\u0103 germinarea sporilor ciupercilor \u0219i are efect asupra dezvolt\u0103rii ulterioare a tubuilor germinative. Este eficient \u00een special \u00eempotriva manei \u0219i alternariozei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fungicid Amistar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fungicidul Amistar<\/a><\/strong> este un fungicid sistemic ce are rol \u00een combaterea bolilor la un spectru larg de culturi av\u00e2nd at\u00e2t rol de preven\u021bie c\u00e2t \u0219i rol curativ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fungicid De Contact Coppermax<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fungicid De Contact Coppermax<\/a><\/strong> este un fungicid care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 prin contact, ader\u0103 bine pe suprafa\u021ba frunzelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fungicid Champ 77 WG<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fungicid Champ 77 WG<\/a><\/strong> stimuleaz\u0103 rezisten\u021ba natural\u0103 a plantelor, contribuind la combaterea integrat\u0103 a patogenilor, \u00een strategia \u00eempotriva cre\u0103rii rezisten\u021bei la fungicidele sistemice. Are efect fungicid \u0219i bactericid \u0219i previne \u0219i stopeaz\u0103 mana la cartofi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fungicid LIETO<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fungicid LIETO<\/a><\/strong> este un fungicid cu ac\u021biune preventiv\u0103 \u015fi curativ\u0103 \u00eempotriva manei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fungicid Kupferol<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Fungicid Kupferol<\/a><\/strong> este un fungicid de contact cu ac\u021biune preventiv\u0103. Se utilizeaz\u0103 \u00een culturile de cartofi cu scopul de a preveni \u0219i stopa mana \u0219i unele bacterioze.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cartofii sunt utiliza\u021bi \u00een alimenta\u021bia omului \u0219i ca furaj pentru animale. Pentru a avea o cultur\u0103 profitabil\u0103 de cartofi, este […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":29558,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1653],"tags":[519,1841,1851],"class_list":["post-29557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legumicultura","tag-legume","tag-legumicultor","tag-legumicultura"],"yoast_head":"\nBolile cartofului: Clasificare, prevenire \u0219i combatere - 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