{"id":29565,"date":"2024-08-13T19:49:25","date_gmt":"2024-08-13T16:49:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/blog\/?p=29565"},"modified":"2024-08-20T19:49:44","modified_gmt":"2024-08-20T16:49:44","slug":"afinul-tot-ce-trebuie-sa-stii-despre-afin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.plantmaster.ro\/blog\/agricultura\/afinul-tot-ce-trebuie-sa-stii-despre-afin\/","title":{"rendered":"Afinul \u2013 tot ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii despre afin<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Afinul<\/a><\/strong>, cu denumirea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 Vaccinium myrtillus<\/em>, este un arbust fructifer care cre\u0219te sub form\u0103 de tuf\u0103, cu o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de 30-60 cm, dar poate ajunge \u0219i la o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de 1-2 m. \u00cen general se afl\u0103 \u00een zonele de munte, iar \u00een cultur\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te preponderent afin cu tufa \u00eenalt\u0103. Cultivarea afinului a \u00eenceput datorit\u0103 fructelor sale, care con\u021bin substan\u021be antibacteriene, antiseptice \u0219i un echivalent natural al insulinei, precum \u0219i calciu, magneziu, sodiu, proteine \u0219i vitaminele A, C, B1 \u0219i B2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sistemul radicular al afinului se dezvolt\u0103 superficial \u0219i poate ajunge la o ad\u00e2ncime de 40 cm. Arbustul are mai multe tulpini din zona coletului, iar acestea sunt aproximativ egale \u0219i fructific\u0103 \u00een al doilea an dup\u0103 plantare. Tulpinile sale sunt slab ramificate \u0219i au o culoare care variaz\u0103 de la verde la ro\u0219u-maroniu. Mugurii vegetativi au forma triunghiular\u0103 \u0219i se afl\u0103 pe ramurile anuale, iar mugurii floriferi sunt rotunzi \u0219i se formeaz\u0103 pe partea superioar\u0103 a tulpinilor. Afinul are frunzele eliptice, scurt pedunculate, \u0219i flori grupate \u00een inflorescen\u021be de tip racem. Afinul este o specie autofertil\u0103, cufructul baca sferic\u0103, turtit\u0103, de culoare albastr\u0103 \u0219i acoperit\u0103 cu un strat de pruin\u0103 (cear\u0103).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Condi\u021bii necesare pentru afin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Unele soiuri de afin rezist\u0103 la temperaturi sc\u0103zute. \u00cen timpul repausului vegetativ, afinul rezist\u0103 la temperaturi de -20\u00b0 C, dar \u00eenghe\u021burile t\u00e2rzii distrug mugurii floriferi \u0219i determin\u0103 sc\u0103derea drastic\u0103 a produc\u021biei. Arbustul este sensibil la secet\u0103 \u0219i la excesul de umiditate din sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Are rezultate bune \u00een zonele unde cad anual 800-1000 mm precipita\u021bii, repartizate uniform pe parcursul anului. Fructific\u0103 abundent \u00een zonele bine iluminate, dar suport\u0103 bine \u0219i terenurile u\u0219or umbrite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afinul este sensibil la curen\u021bii de aer, motiv pentru care terenul pe care se planteaz\u0103 arbu\u0219tii de afin trebuie \u00eenconjurat cu perdele de protec\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cre\u0219te \u0219i se dezvolt\u0103 pe soluri acide, cu pH de 4,2-4,8, bine drenate \u0219i bogate \u00een humus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cultivarea afinului<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cele mai bune culturi premerg\u0103toare pentru afin sunt coniferele, care se dezvolt\u0103 \u00een mod natural pe soluri acide. De asemenea, sunt potrivite p\u0103\u0219unile \u0219i f\u00e2ne\u021bele, dac\u0103 solul corespunde din punct de vedere al acidit\u0103\u021bii. Pot fi utilizate cu succes ca plante premerg\u0103toare gr\u00e2ul, ov\u0103zul, rapi\u021ba, mu\u0219tarul, maz\u0103rea \u0219i fasolea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terenul \u00eencepe s\u0103 se preg\u0103teasc\u0103 din luna octombrie, cu \u00eendep\u0103rtarea tuturor resturilor vegetale din sol \u0219i de la suprafa\u021ba acestuia \u0219i prin distrugerea buruienilor. Pentru plantarea afinului se realizeaz\u0103 gropi individuale sau \u0219an\u021buri. Dac\u0103 solul este predispus la b\u0103ltirea apei, este recomandat s\u0103 se efectueze biloane de-a lungul r\u00e2ndurilor de plantare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se recomand\u0103 administrarea unor materiale menite s\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021beasc\u0103 textura solului \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eei men\u021bin\u0103 aciditatea la valori optime. Pentru acest lucru, \u00een gropile sau \u0219an\u021bul de plantare se adaug\u0103 turb\u0103 acid\u0103, gunoi de grajd fermentat \u0219i rumegu\u0219 de conifere. De asemenea, pot fi utilizate \u00eengr\u0103\u0219\u0103minte speciale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reguli pentru plantat la afin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Materialul s\u0103ditor trebuie s\u0103 fie bine \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinat \u0219i s\u0103 aib\u0103 o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de 30-45 cm. Perioada optim\u0103 de plantare este octombrie-noiembrie. Afinul se planteaz\u0103 la o distan\u021b\u0103 de 3 m \u00eentre r\u00e2nduri \u0219i 1 m \u00eentre plantele de pe r\u00e2nd. \u00cenainte de plantare trebuie fasonat materialul s\u0103ditor, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 se elimine r\u0103d\u0103cinile uscate sau deteriorate. Pentru a favoriza prinderea, este recomandat ca arbu\u0219tii s\u0103 se introduc\u0103 cu r\u0103d\u0103cinile \u00eentr-o mocirl\u0103 format\u0103 din p\u0103m\u00e2nt galben, b\u0103legar de bovine \u0219i ap\u0103, av\u00e2nd consisten\u021ba sm\u00e2nt\u00e2nii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plantarea \u00eencepe cu marcarea pe teren a locului fiec\u0103rui arbust \u0219i efectuarea gropilor de plantare, cu o dimensiune de 40x40x40 cm. Planta se pozi\u021bioneaz\u0103 astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t 5-10 cm din tulpin\u0103 s\u0103 fie acoperit\u0103 de p\u0103m\u00e2nt. Dup\u0103 plantare, p\u0103m\u00e2ntul din jurul arbustului se taseaz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lucr\u0103ri necesare la cultura de afin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen primul an dup\u0103 plantare se scurteaz\u0103 tulpinile la 3-4 muguri, pentru a stimula planta s\u0103 formeze l\u0103stari viguro\u0219i, de la baza tufei. \u00cen al doilea an se scurteaz\u0103 la jum\u0103tate cre\u0219terile verticale \u0219i viguroase, pentru a ramifica, iar cele slabe sau cu o pozi\u021bie nefavorabil\u0103 se elimin\u0103. La fel se procedeaz\u0103 \u0219i \u00een urm\u0103torii 2-3 ani, scurt\u00e2ndu-se \u00eens\u0103 doar jum\u0103tate din tulpinile noi, \u00een vederea distribuirii etajate a produc\u021biei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru ca tufa s\u0103 se dezvolte corespunz\u0103tor, este recomandat ca \u00een primii 2 ani de la plantare s\u0103 se \u00eendep\u0103rteze mugurii de rod, dac\u0103 apar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afinul are o capacitate mare de regenerare. Anual formeaz\u0103 tulpini noi, care pot aglomera tufa \u0219i pot crea condi\u021bii favorabile pentru boli \u0219i d\u0103un\u0103tori. De aceea, se recomand\u0103 ca tulpinile mai b\u0103tr\u00e2ne de 5 ani, cele bolnave sau care au pozi\u021bii nefavorabile s\u0103 fie t\u0103iate de la baz\u0103. Din tulpinile noi se p\u0103streaz\u0103 cele mai viguroase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Irigarea este obligatorie pentru cultura de afin \u00een zonele \u00een care precipita\u021biile nu asigur\u0103 necesarul de ap\u0103 de minim 800 mm pe an. \u00cen general, sunt suficiente 4-5 ud\u0103ri cu norme de 400-500 mc\/ha. Iriga\u021biile se efectueaz\u0103 \u00een faza de cre\u0219tere a l\u0103starilor, a fructelor, cu trei s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00eenainte de recoltare \u0219i la o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 dup\u0103 recoltare. Irigarea prin picurare este recomandat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recoltarea afinului<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Afinele se recolteaz\u0103 de la finalul lunii iulie \u0219i p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eenceputul lunii octombrie, \u00een func\u021bie de soi \u0219i de condi\u021biile de mediu. Recoltarea se efectueaz\u0103 \u00een 3-4 etape, la intervale de 5-7 zile. Momentul optim pentru recoltare este semnalat de apari\u021bia culorii specifice \u0219i de pieli\u021ba elastic\u0103 la ap\u0103sare a fructelor. Recoltarea se realizeaz\u0103 diminea\u021ba sau seara. Afinele rezist\u0103 timp de 4 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni \u00een depozite frigorifice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Afinul, cu denumirea \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 Vaccinium myrtillus, este un arbust fructifer care cre\u0219te sub form\u0103 de tuf\u0103, cu o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":29566,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1658,1656],"tags":[2090,1638],"class_list":["post-29565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agricultura","category-pomicultura","tag-arbusti","tag-pomi-fructiferi"],"yoast_head":"\nAfinul \u2013 tot ce trebuie s\u0103 \u0219tii despre afin - 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